PyGamLab.Constants Module

The PyGamLab.Constants module provides a comprehensive and reliable set of scientific constants that are essential for engineering, physics, and materials science computations. These constants are curated with a focus on accuracy, readability, and ease of use, making them ideal for both academic research and industrial modeling tasks.

Whether you’re developing thermodynamic simulations, conducting physical property calculations, or building machine learning models that rely on fundamental constants, this module ensures that your results are both scientifically sound and easily interpretable.

Key Features: - Well-organized and clearly named constants for faster lookup - High-precision values derived from trusted scientific sources - Designed for integration into scientific workflows and data modeling pipelines

@author: Ali Pilehvar Meibody (Alipilehvar1999@gmail.com)

@Director of Gamlab: Professor M. Naderi (Mnaderi@aut.ac.ir)

@Graphene Advanced Material Laboratory: https://www.GamLab.Aut.ac.ir

class PyGamLab.Constants.Ag_Type

Bases: Element

Attributes: - symbol (str): The chemical symbol of the element. - atomic_number (int): The number of protons in the element’s nucleus. - atomic_mass (float): The atomic mass in unified atomic mass units (u). - density (float): The density of the element in g/cm³. - melting_point (float): The melting point of the element in Kelvin (K). - electronegativity (float): The electronegativity of the element, a measure of its ability to attract electrons. - thermal_conductivity (float): The thermal conductivity in W/(m·K). - electrical_conductivity (float): The electrical conductivity in MS/m. - atomic_radius (float): The atomic radius in picometers (pm).

class PyGamLab.Constants.Al_Type

Bases: Element

Attributes: - symbol (str): The chemical symbol of the element. - atomic_number (int): The number of protons in the element’s nucleus. - atomic_mass (float): The atomic mass in unified atomic mass units (u). - density (float): The density of the element in g/cm³. - melting_point (float): The melting point of the element in Kelvin (K). - electronegativity (float): The electronegativity of the element, a measure of its ability to attract electrons. - thermal_conductivity (float): The thermal conductivity in W/(m·K). - electrical_conductivity (float): The electrical conductivity in MS/m. - atomic_radius (float): The atomic radius in picometers (pm).

class PyGamLab.Constants.Ar_Type

Bases: Element

Attributes: - symbol (str): The chemical symbol of the element. - atomic_number (int): The number of protons in the element’s nucleus. - atomic_mass (float): The atomic mass in unified atomic mass units (u). - density (float): The density of the element in g/cm³. - melting_point (float): The melting point of the element in Kelvin (K). - electronegativity (float): The electronegativity of the element, a measure of its ability to attract electrons. - thermal_conductivity (float): The thermal conductivity in W/(m·K). - electrical_conductivity (float): The electrical conductivity in MS/m. - atomic_radius (float): The atomic radius in picometers (pm).

class PyGamLab.Constants.As_Type

Bases: Element

Attributes: - symbol (str): The chemical symbol of the element. - atomic_number (int): The number of protons in the element’s nucleus. - atomic_mass (float): The atomic mass in unified atomic mass units (u). - density (float): The density of the element in g/cm³. - melting_point (float): The melting point of the element in Kelvin (K). - electronegativity (float): The electronegativity of the element, a measure of its ability to attract electrons. - thermal_conductivity (float): The thermal conductivity in W/(m·K). - electrical_conductivity (float): The electrical conductivity in MS/m. - atomic_radius (float): The atomic radius in picometers (pm).

class PyGamLab.Constants.Au_Type

Bases: Element

Attributes: - symbol (str): The chemical symbol of the element. - atomic_number (int): The number of protons in the element’s nucleus. - atomic_mass (float): The atomic mass in unified atomic mass units (u). - density (float): The density of the element in g/cm³. - melting_point (float): The melting point of the element in Kelvin (K). - electronegativity (float): The electronegativity of the element, a measure of its ability to attract electrons. - thermal_conductivity (float): The thermal conductivity in W/(m·K). - electrical_conductivity (float): The electrical conductivity in MS/m. - atomic_radius (float): The atomic radius in picometers (pm).

class PyGamLab.Constants.B_Type

Bases: Element

Attributes: - symbol (str): The chemical symbol of the element. - atomic_number (int): The number of protons in the element’s nucleus. - atomic_mass (float): The atomic mass in unified atomic mass units (u). - density (float): The density of the element in g/cm³. - melting_point (float): The melting point of the element in Kelvin (K). - electronegativity (float): The electronegativity of the element, a measure of its ability to attract electrons. - thermal_conductivity (float): The thermal conductivity in W/(m·K). - electrical_conductivity (float): The electrical conductivity in MS/m. - atomic_radius (float): The atomic radius in picometers (pm).

class PyGamLab.Constants.Ba_Type

Bases: Element

Attributes: - symbol (str): The chemical symbol of the element. - atomic_number (int): The number of protons in the element’s nucleus. - atomic_mass (float): The atomic mass in unified atomic mass units (u). - density (float): The density of the element in g/cm³. - melting_point (float): The melting point of the element in Kelvin (K). - electronegativity (float): The electronegativity of the element, a measure of its ability to attract electrons. - thermal_conductivity (float): The thermal conductivity in W/(m·K). - electrical_conductivity (float): The electrical conductivity in MS/m. - atomic_radius (float): The atomic radius in picometers (pm).

class PyGamLab.Constants.Be_Type

Bases: Element

Attributes: - symbol (str): The chemical symbol of the element. - atomic_number (int): The number of protons in the element’s nucleus. - atomic_mass (float): The atomic mass in unified atomic mass units (u). - density (float): The density of the element in g/cm³. - melting_point (float): The melting point of the element in Kelvin (K). - electronegativity (float): The electronegativity of the element, a measure of its ability to attract electrons. - thermal_conductivity (float): The thermal conductivity in W/(m·K). - electrical_conductivity (float): The electrical conductivity in MS/m. - atomic_radius (float): The atomic radius in picometers (pm).

class PyGamLab.Constants.Bi_Type

Bases: Element

Attributes: - symbol (str): The chemical symbol of the element. - atomic_number (int): The number of protons in the element’s nucleus. - atomic_mass (float): The atomic mass in unified atomic mass units (u). - density (float): The density of the element in g/cm³. - melting_point (float): The melting point of the element in Kelvin (K). - electronegativity (float): The electronegativity of the element, a measure of its ability to attract electrons. - thermal_conductivity (float): The thermal conductivity in W/(m·K). - electrical_conductivity (float): The electrical conductivity in MS/m. - atomic_radius (float): The atomic radius in picometers (pm).

class PyGamLab.Constants.Br_Type

Bases: Element

Attributes: - symbol (str): The chemical symbol of the element. - atomic_number (int): The number of protons in the element’s nucleus. - atomic_mass (float): The atomic mass in unified atomic mass units (u). - density (float): The density of the element in g/cm³. - melting_point (float): The melting point of the element in Kelvin (K). - electronegativity (float): The electronegativity of the element, a measure of its ability to attract electrons. - thermal_conductivity (float): The thermal conductivity in W/(m·K). - electrical_conductivity (float): The electrical conductivity in MS/m. - atomic_radius (float): The atomic radius in picometers (pm).

class PyGamLab.Constants.C_Type

Bases: Element

Attributes: - symbol (str): The chemical symbol of the element. - atomic_number (int): The number of protons in the element’s nucleus. - atomic_mass (float): The atomic mass in unified atomic mass units (u). - density (float): The density of the element in g/cm³. - melting_point (float): The melting point of the element in Kelvin (K). - electronegativity (float): The electronegativity of the element, a measure of its ability to attract electrons. - thermal_conductivity (float): The thermal conductivity in W/(m·K). - electrical_conductivity (float): The electrical conductivity in MS/m. - atomic_radius (float): The atomic radius in picometers (pm).

class PyGamLab.Constants.Ca_Type

Bases: Element

Attributes: - symbol (str): The chemical symbol of the element. - atomic_number (int): The number of protons in the element’s nucleus. - atomic_mass (float): The atomic mass in unified atomic mass units (u). - density (float): The density of the element in g/cm³. - melting_point (float): The melting point of the element in Kelvin (K). - electronegativity (float): The electronegativity of the element, a measure of its ability to attract electrons. - thermal_conductivity (float): The thermal conductivity in W/(m·K). - electrical_conductivity (float): The electrical conductivity in MS/m. - atomic_radius (float): The atomic radius in picometers (pm).

class PyGamLab.Constants.Cd_Type

Bases: Element

Attributes: - symbol (str): The chemical symbol of the element. - atomic_number (int): The number of protons in the element’s nucleus. - atomic_mass (float): The atomic mass in unified atomic mass units (u). - density (float): The density of the element in g/cm³. - melting_point (float): The melting point of the element in Kelvin (K). - electronegativity (float): The electronegativity of the element, a measure of its ability to attract electrons. - thermal_conductivity (float): The thermal conductivity in W/(m·K). - electrical_conductivity (float): The electrical conductivity in MS/m. - atomic_radius (float): The atomic radius in picometers (pm).

class PyGamLab.Constants.Ce_Type

Bases: Element

Attributes: - symbol (str): The chemical symbol of the element. - atomic_number (int): The number of protons in the element’s nucleus. - atomic_mass (float): The atomic mass in unified atomic mass units (u). - density (float): The density of the element in g/cm³. - melting_point (float): The melting point of the element in Kelvin (K). - electronegativity (float): The electronegativity of the element, a measure of its ability to attract electrons. - thermal_conductivity (float): The thermal conductivity in W/(m·K). - electrical_conductivity (float): The electrical conductivity in MS/m. - atomic_radius (float): The atomic radius in picometers (pm).

class PyGamLab.Constants.Cl_Type

Bases: Element

Attributes: - symbol (str): The chemical symbol of the element. - atomic_number (int): The number of protons in the element’s nucleus. - atomic_mass (float): The atomic mass in unified atomic mass units (u). - density (float): The density of the element in g/cm³. - melting_point (float): The melting point of the element in Kelvin (K). - electronegativity (float): The electronegativity of the element, a measure of its ability to attract electrons. - thermal_conductivity (float): The thermal conductivity in W/(m·K). - electrical_conductivity (float): The electrical conductivity in MS/m. - atomic_radius (float): The atomic radius in picometers (pm).

class PyGamLab.Constants.Co_Type

Bases: Element

Attributes: - symbol (str): The chemical symbol of the element. - atomic_number (int): The number of protons in the element’s nucleus. - atomic_mass (float): The atomic mass in unified atomic mass units (u). - density (float): The density of the element in g/cm³. - melting_point (float): The melting point of the element in Kelvin (K). - electronegativity (float): The electronegativity of the element, a measure of its ability to attract electrons. - thermal_conductivity (float): The thermal conductivity in W/(m·K). - electrical_conductivity (float): The electrical conductivity in MS/m. - atomic_radius (float): The atomic radius in picometers (pm).

class PyGamLab.Constants.Cr_Type

Bases: Element

Attributes: - symbol (str): The chemical symbol of the element. - atomic_number (int): The number of protons in the element’s nucleus. - atomic_mass (float): The atomic mass in unified atomic mass units (u). - density (float): The density of the element in g/cm³. - melting_point (float): The melting point of the element in Kelvin (K). - electronegativity (float): The electronegativity of the element, a measure of its ability to attract electrons. - thermal_conductivity (float): The thermal conductivity in W/(m·K). - electrical_conductivity (float): The electrical conductivity in MS/m. - atomic_radius (float): The atomic radius in picometers (pm).

class PyGamLab.Constants.Cs_Type

Bases: Element

Attributes: - symbol (str): The chemical symbol of the element. - atomic_number (int): The number of protons in the element’s nucleus. - atomic_mass (float): The atomic mass in unified atomic mass units (u). - density (float): The density of the element in g/cm³. - melting_point (float): The melting point of the element in Kelvin (K). - electronegativity (float): The electronegativity of the element, a measure of its ability to attract electrons. - thermal_conductivity (float): The thermal conductivity in W/(m·K). - electrical_conductivity (float): The electrical conductivity in MS/m. - atomic_radius (float): The atomic radius in picometers (pm).

class PyGamLab.Constants.Cu_Type

Bases: Element

Attributes: - symbol (str): The chemical symbol of the element. - atomic_number (int): The number of protons in the element’s nucleus. - atomic_mass (float): The atomic mass in unified atomic mass units (u). - density (float): The density of the element in g/cm³. - melting_point (float): The melting point of the element in Kelvin (K). - electronegativity (float): The electronegativity of the element, a measure of its ability to attract electrons. - thermal_conductivity (float): The thermal conductivity in W/(m·K). - electrical_conductivity (float): The electrical conductivity in MS/m. - atomic_radius (float): The atomic radius in picometers (pm).

class PyGamLab.Constants.Dy_Type

Bases: Element

Attributes: - symbol (str): The chemical symbol of the element. - atomic_number (int): The number of protons in the element’s nucleus. - atomic_mass (float): The atomic mass in unified atomic mass units (u). - density (float): The density of the element in g/cm³. - melting_point (float): The melting point of the element in Kelvin (K). - electronegativity (float): The electronegativity of the element, a measure of its ability to attract electrons. - thermal_conductivity (float): The thermal conductivity in W/(m·K). - electrical_conductivity (float): The electrical conductivity in MS/m. - atomic_radius (float): The atomic radius in picometers (pm).

class PyGamLab.Constants.Element(symbol, atomic_number, atomic_mass, density, melting_point, electronegativity, thermal_conductivity, electrical_conductivity, atomic_radius)

Bases: object

A class representing a chemical element with key physical and atomic properties.

Attributes: - symbol (str): The chemical symbol of the element (e.g., “H” for Hydrogen). - atomic_number (int): The number of protons in the element’s nucleus. - atomic_mass (float): The atomic mass in unified atomic mass units (u). - density (float): The density of the element in g/cm³. - melting_point (float): The melting point of the element in Kelvin (K). - electronegativity (float): The electronegativity of the element, a measure of its ability to attract electrons. - thermal_conductivity (float): The thermal conductivity in W/(m·K). - electrical_conductivity (float): The electrical conductivity in MS/m. - atomic_radius (float): The atomic radius in picometers (pm).

class PyGamLab.Constants.Er_Type

Bases: Element

Attributes: - symbol (str): The chemical symbol of the element. - atomic_number (int): The number of protons in the element’s nucleus. - atomic_mass (float): The atomic mass in unified atomic mass units (u). - density (float): The density of the element in g/cm³. - melting_point (float): The melting point of the element in Kelvin (K). - electronegativity (float): The electronegativity of the element, a measure of its ability to attract electrons. - thermal_conductivity (float): The thermal conductivity in W/(m·K). - electrical_conductivity (float): The electrical conductivity in MS/m. - atomic_radius (float): The atomic radius in picometers (pm).

class PyGamLab.Constants.Eu_Type

Bases: Element

Attributes: - symbol (str): The chemical symbol of the element. - atomic_number (int): The number of protons in the element’s nucleus. - atomic_mass (float): The atomic mass in unified atomic mass units (u). - density (float): The density of the element in g/cm³. - melting_point (float): The melting point of the element in Kelvin (K). - electronegativity (float): The electronegativity of the element, a measure of its ability to attract electrons. - thermal_conductivity (float): The thermal conductivity in W/(m·K). - electrical_conductivity (float): The electrical conductivity in MS/m. - atomic_radius (float): The atomic radius in picometers (pm).

class PyGamLab.Constants.F_Type

Bases: Element

Attributes: - symbol (str): The chemical symbol of the element. - atomic_number (int): The number of protons in the element’s nucleus. - atomic_mass (float): The atomic mass in unified atomic mass units (u). - density (float): The density of the element in g/cm³. - melting_point (float): The melting point of the element in Kelvin (K). - electronegativity (float): The electronegativity of the element, a measure of its ability to attract electrons. - thermal_conductivity (float): The thermal conductivity in W/(m·K). - electrical_conductivity (float): The electrical conductivity in MS/m. - atomic_radius (float): The atomic radius in picometers (pm).

class PyGamLab.Constants.Fe_Type

Bases: Element

Attributes: - symbol (str): The chemical symbol of the element. - atomic_number (int): The number of protons in the element’s nucleus. - atomic_mass (float): The atomic mass in unified atomic mass units (u). - density (float): The density of the element in g/cm³. - melting_point (float): The melting point of the element in Kelvin (K). - electronegativity (float): The electronegativity of the element, a measure of its ability to attract electrons. - thermal_conductivity (float): The thermal conductivity in W/(m·K). - electrical_conductivity (float): The electrical conductivity in MS/m. - atomic_radius (float): The atomic radius in picometers (pm).

class PyGamLab.Constants.Ga_Type

Bases: Element

Attributes: - symbol (str): The chemical symbol of the element. - atomic_number (int): The number of protons in the element’s nucleus. - atomic_mass (float): The atomic mass in unified atomic mass units (u). - density (float): The density of the element in g/cm³. - melting_point (float): The melting point of the element in Kelvin (K). - electronegativity (float): The electronegativity of the element, a measure of its ability to attract electrons. - thermal_conductivity (float): The thermal conductivity in W/(m·K). - electrical_conductivity (float): The electrical conductivity in MS/m. - atomic_radius (float): The atomic radius in picometers (pm).

class PyGamLab.Constants.Gd_Type

Bases: Element

Attributes: - symbol (str): The chemical symbol of the element. - atomic_number (int): The number of protons in the element’s nucleus. - atomic_mass (float): The atomic mass in unified atomic mass units (u). - density (float): The density of the element in g/cm³. - melting_point (float): The melting point of the element in Kelvin (K). - electronegativity (float): The electronegativity of the element, a measure of its ability to attract electrons. - thermal_conductivity (float): The thermal conductivity in W/(m·K). - electrical_conductivity (float): The electrical conductivity in MS/m. - atomic_radius (float): The atomic radius in picometers (pm).

class PyGamLab.Constants.Ge_Type

Bases: Element

Attributes: - symbol (str): The chemical symbol of the element. - atomic_number (int): The number of protons in the element’s nucleus. - atomic_mass (float): The atomic mass in unified atomic mass units (u). - density (float): The density of the element in g/cm³. - melting_point (float): The melting point of the element in Kelvin (K). - electronegativity (float): The electronegativity of the element, a measure of its ability to attract electrons. - thermal_conductivity (float): The thermal conductivity in W/(m·K). - electrical_conductivity (float): The electrical conductivity in MS/m. - atomic_radius (float): The atomic radius in picometers (pm).

class PyGamLab.Constants.H_Type

Bases: Element

Attributes: - symbol (str): The chemical symbol of the element. - atomic_number (int): The number of protons in the element’s nucleus. - atomic_mass (float): The atomic mass in unified atomic mass units (u). - density (float): The density of the element in g/cm³. - melting_point (float): The melting point of the element in Kelvin (K). - electronegativity (float): The electronegativity of the element, a measure of its ability to attract electrons. - thermal_conductivity (float): The thermal conductivity in W/(m·K). - electrical_conductivity (float): The electrical conductivity in MS/m. - atomic_radius (float): The atomic radius in picometers (pm).

class PyGamLab.Constants.He_Type

Bases: Element

Attributes: - symbol (str): The chemical symbol of the element. - atomic_number (int): The number of protons in the element’s nucleus. - atomic_mass (float): The atomic mass in unified atomic mass units (u). - density (float): The density of the element in g/cm³. - melting_point (float): The melting point of the element in Kelvin (K). - electronegativity (float): The electronegativity of the element, a measure of its ability to attract electrons. - thermal_conductivity (float): The thermal conductivity in W/(m·K). - electrical_conductivity (float): The electrical conductivity in MS/m. - atomic_radius (float): The atomic radius in picometers (pm).

class PyGamLab.Constants.Hf_Type

Bases: Element

Attributes: - symbol (str): The chemical symbol of the element. - atomic_number (int): The number of protons in the element’s nucleus. - atomic_mass (float): The atomic mass in unified atomic mass units (u). - density (float): The density of the element in g/cm³. - melting_point (float): The melting point of the element in Kelvin (K). - electronegativity (float): The electronegativity of the element, a measure of its ability to attract electrons. - thermal_conductivity (float): The thermal conductivity in W/(m·K). - electrical_conductivity (float): The electrical conductivity in MS/m. - atomic_radius (float): The atomic radius in picometers (pm).

class PyGamLab.Constants.Hg_Type

Bases: Element

Attributes: - symbol (str): The chemical symbol of the element. - atomic_number (int): The number of protons in the element’s nucleus. - atomic_mass (float): The atomic mass in unified atomic mass units (u). - density (float): The density of the element in g/cm³. - melting_point (float): The melting point of the element in Kelvin (K). - electronegativity (float): The electronegativity of the element, a measure of its ability to attract electrons. - thermal_conductivity (float): The thermal conductivity in W/(m·K). - electrical_conductivity (float): The electrical conductivity in MS/m. - atomic_radius (float): The atomic radius in picometers (pm).

class PyGamLab.Constants.Ho_Type

Bases: Element

Attributes: - symbol (str): The chemical symbol of the element. - atomic_number (int): The number of protons in the element’s nucleus. - atomic_mass (float): The atomic mass in unified atomic mass units (u). - density (float): The density of the element in g/cm³. - melting_point (float): The melting point of the element in Kelvin (K). - electronegativity (float): The electronegativity of the element, a measure of its ability to attract electrons. - thermal_conductivity (float): The thermal conductivity in W/(m·K). - electrical_conductivity (float): The electrical conductivity in MS/m. - atomic_radius (float): The atomic radius in picometers (pm).

class PyGamLab.Constants.I_Type

Bases: Element

Attributes: - symbol (str): The chemical symbol of the element. - atomic_number (int): The number of protons in the element’s nucleus. - atomic_mass (float): The atomic mass in unified atomic mass units (u). - density (float): The density of the element in g/cm³. - melting_point (float): The melting point of the element in Kelvin (K). - electronegativity (float): The electronegativity of the element, a measure of its ability to attract electrons. - thermal_conductivity (float): The thermal conductivity in W/(m·K). - electrical_conductivity (float): The electrical conductivity in MS/m. - atomic_radius (float): The atomic radius in picometers (pm).

class PyGamLab.Constants.In_Type

Bases: Element

Attributes: - symbol (str): The chemical symbol of the element. - atomic_number (int): The number of protons in the element’s nucleus. - atomic_mass (float): The atomic mass in unified atomic mass units (u). - density (float): The density of the element in g/cm³. - melting_point (float): The melting point of the element in Kelvin (K). - electronegativity (float): The electronegativity of the element, a measure of its ability to attract electrons. - thermal_conductivity (float): The thermal conductivity in W/(m·K). - electrical_conductivity (float): The electrical conductivity in MS/m. - atomic_radius (float): The atomic radius in picometers (pm).

class PyGamLab.Constants.Ir_Type

Bases: Element

Attributes: - symbol (str): The chemical symbol of the element. - atomic_number (int): The number of protons in the element’s nucleus. - atomic_mass (float): The atomic mass in unified atomic mass units (u). - density (float): The density of the element in g/cm³. - melting_point (float): The melting point of the element in Kelvin (K). - electronegativity (float): The electronegativity of the element, a measure of its ability to attract electrons. - thermal_conductivity (float): The thermal conductivity in W/(m·K). - electrical_conductivity (float): The electrical conductivity in MS/m. - atomic_radius (float): The atomic radius in picometers (pm).

class PyGamLab.Constants.K_Type

Bases: Element

Attributes: - symbol (str): The chemical symbol of the element. - atomic_number (int): The number of protons in the element’s nucleus. - atomic_mass (float): The atomic mass in unified atomic mass units (u). - density (float): The density of the element in g/cm³. - melting_point (float): The melting point of the element in Kelvin (K). - electronegativity (float): The electronegativity of the element, a measure of its ability to attract electrons. - thermal_conductivity (float): The thermal conductivity in W/(m·K). - electrical_conductivity (float): The electrical conductivity in MS/m. - atomic_radius (float): The atomic radius in picometers (pm).

class PyGamLab.Constants.Kr_Type

Bases: Element

Attributes: - symbol (str): The chemical symbol of the element. - atomic_number (int): The number of protons in the element’s nucleus. - atomic_mass (float): The atomic mass in unified atomic mass units (u). - density (float): The density of the element in g/cm³. - melting_point (float): The melting point of the element in Kelvin (K). - electronegativity (float): The electronegativity of the element, a measure of its ability to attract electrons. - thermal_conductivity (float): The thermal conductivity in W/(m·K). - electrical_conductivity (float): The electrical conductivity in MS/m. - atomic_radius (float): The atomic radius in picometers (pm).

class PyGamLab.Constants.La_Type

Bases: Element

Attributes: - symbol (str): The chemical symbol of the element. - atomic_number (int): The number of protons in the element’s nucleus. - atomic_mass (float): The atomic mass in unified atomic mass units (u). - density (float): The density of the element in g/cm³. - melting_point (float): The melting point of the element in Kelvin (K). - electronegativity (float): The electronegativity of the element, a measure of its ability to attract electrons. - thermal_conductivity (float): The thermal conductivity in W/(m·K). - electrical_conductivity (float): The electrical conductivity in MS/m. - atomic_radius (float): The atomic radius in picometers (pm).

class PyGamLab.Constants.Li_Type

Bases: Element

Attributes: - symbol (str): The chemical symbol of the element. - atomic_number (int): The number of protons in the element’s nucleus. - atomic_mass (float): The atomic mass in unified atomic mass units (u). - density (float): The density of the element in g/cm³. - melting_point (float): The melting point of the element in Kelvin (K). - electronegativity (float): The electronegativity of the element, a measure of its ability to attract electrons. - thermal_conductivity (float): The thermal conductivity in W/(m·K). - electrical_conductivity (float): The electrical conductivity in MS/m. - atomic_radius (float): The atomic radius in picometers (pm).

class PyGamLab.Constants.Lu_Type

Bases: Element

Attributes: - symbol (str): The chemical symbol of the element. - atomic_number (int): The number of protons in the element’s nucleus. - atomic_mass (float): The atomic mass in unified atomic mass units (u). - density (float): The density of the element in g/cm³. - melting_point (float): The melting point of the element in Kelvin (K). - electronegativity (float): The electronegativity of the element, a measure of its ability to attract electrons. - thermal_conductivity (float): The thermal conductivity in W/(m·K). - electrical_conductivity (float): The electrical conductivity in MS/m. - atomic_radius (float): The atomic radius in picometers (pm).

class PyGamLab.Constants.Mg_Type

Bases: Element

Attributes: - symbol (str): The chemical symbol of the element. - atomic_number (int): The number of protons in the element’s nucleus. - atomic_mass (float): The atomic mass in unified atomic mass units (u). - density (float): The density of the element in g/cm³. - melting_point (float): The melting point of the element in Kelvin (K). - electronegativity (float): The electronegativity of the element, a measure of its ability to attract electrons. - thermal_conductivity (float): The thermal conductivity in W/(m·K). - electrical_conductivity (float): The electrical conductivity in MS/m. - atomic_radius (float): The atomic radius in picometers (pm).

class PyGamLab.Constants.Mn_Type

Bases: Element

Attributes: - symbol (str): The chemical symbol of the element. - atomic_number (int): The number of protons in the element’s nucleus. - atomic_mass (float): The atomic mass in unified atomic mass units (u). - density (float): The density of the element in g/cm³. - melting_point (float): The melting point of the element in Kelvin (K). - electronegativity (float): The electronegativity of the element, a measure of its ability to attract electrons. - thermal_conductivity (float): The thermal conductivity in W/(m·K). - electrical_conductivity (float): The electrical conductivity in MS/m. - atomic_radius (float): The atomic radius in picometers (pm).

class PyGamLab.Constants.Mo_Type

Bases: Element

Attributes: - symbol (str): The chemical symbol of the element. - atomic_number (int): The number of protons in the element’s nucleus. - atomic_mass (float): The atomic mass in unified atomic mass units (u). - density (float): The density of the element in g/cm³. - melting_point (float): The melting point of the element in Kelvin (K). - electronegativity (float): The electronegativity of the element, a measure of its ability to attract electrons. - thermal_conductivity (float): The thermal conductivity in W/(m·K). - electrical_conductivity (float): The electrical conductivity in MS/m. - atomic_radius (float): The atomic radius in picometers (pm).

class PyGamLab.Constants.N_Type

Bases: Element

Attributes: - symbol (str): The chemical symbol of the element. - atomic_number (int): The number of protons in the element’s nucleus. - atomic_mass (float): The atomic mass in unified atomic mass units (u). - density (float): The density of the element in g/cm³. - melting_point (float): The melting point of the element in Kelvin (K). - electronegativity (float): The electronegativity of the element, a measure of its ability to attract electrons. - thermal_conductivity (float): The thermal conductivity in W/(m·K). - electrical_conductivity (float): The electrical conductivity in MS/m. - atomic_radius (float): The atomic radius in picometers (pm).

class PyGamLab.Constants.Na_Type

Bases: Element

Attributes: - symbol (str): The chemical symbol of the element. - atomic_number (int): The number of protons in the element’s nucleus. - atomic_mass (float): The atomic mass in unified atomic mass units (u). - density (float): The density of the element in g/cm³. - melting_point (float): The melting point of the element in Kelvin (K). - electronegativity (float): The electronegativity of the element, a measure of its ability to attract electrons. - thermal_conductivity (float): The thermal conductivity in W/(m·K). - electrical_conductivity (float): The electrical conductivity in MS/m. - atomic_radius (float): The atomic radius in picometers (pm).

class PyGamLab.Constants.Nb_Type

Bases: Element

Attributes: - symbol (str): The chemical symbol of the element. - atomic_number (int): The number of protons in the element’s nucleus. - atomic_mass (float): The atomic mass in unified atomic mass units (u). - density (float): The density of the element in g/cm³. - melting_point (float): The melting point of the element in Kelvin (K). - electronegativity (float): The electronegativity of the element, a measure of its ability to attract electrons. - thermal_conductivity (float): The thermal conductivity in W/(m·K). - electrical_conductivity (float): The electrical conductivity in MS/m. - atomic_radius (float): The atomic radius in picometers (pm).

class PyGamLab.Constants.Nd_Type

Bases: Element

Attributes: - symbol (str): The chemical symbol of the element. - atomic_number (int): The number of protons in the element’s nucleus. - atomic_mass (float): The atomic mass in unified atomic mass units (u). - density (float): The density of the element in g/cm³. - melting_point (float): The melting point of the element in Kelvin (K). - electronegativity (float): The electronegativity of the element, a measure of its ability to attract electrons. - thermal_conductivity (float): The thermal conductivity in W/(m·K). - electrical_conductivity (float): The electrical conductivity in MS/m. - atomic_radius (float): The atomic radius in picometers (pm).

class PyGamLab.Constants.Ne_Type

Bases: Element

Attributes: - symbol (str): The chemical symbol of the element. - atomic_number (int): The number of protons in the element’s nucleus. - atomic_mass (float): The atomic mass in unified atomic mass units (u). - density (float): The density of the element in g/cm³. - melting_point (float): The melting point of the element in Kelvin (K). - electronegativity (float): The electronegativity of the element, a measure of its ability to attract electrons. - thermal_conductivity (float): The thermal conductivity in W/(m·K). - electrical_conductivity (float): The electrical conductivity in MS/m. - atomic_radius (float): The atomic radius in picometers (pm).

class PyGamLab.Constants.Ni_Type

Bases: Element

Attributes: - symbol (str): The chemical symbol of the element. - atomic_number (int): The number of protons in the element’s nucleus. - atomic_mass (float): The atomic mass in unified atomic mass units (u). - density (float): The density of the element in g/cm³. - melting_point (float): The melting point of the element in Kelvin (K). - electronegativity (float): The electronegativity of the element, a measure of its ability to attract electrons. - thermal_conductivity (float): The thermal conductivity in W/(m·K). - electrical_conductivity (float): The electrical conductivity in MS/m. - atomic_radius (float): The atomic radius in picometers (pm).

class PyGamLab.Constants.O_Type

Bases: Element

Attributes: - symbol (str): The chemical symbol of the element. - atomic_number (int): The number of protons in the element’s nucleus. - atomic_mass (float): The atomic mass in unified atomic mass units (u). - density (float): The density of the element in g/cm³. - melting_point (float): The melting point of the element in Kelvin (K). - electronegativity (float): The electronegativity of the element, a measure of its ability to attract electrons. - thermal_conductivity (float): The thermal conductivity in W/(m·K). - electrical_conductivity (float): The electrical conductivity in MS/m. - atomic_radius (float): The atomic radius in picometers (pm).

class PyGamLab.Constants.Os_Type

Bases: Element

Attributes: - symbol (str): The chemical symbol of the element. - atomic_number (int): The number of protons in the element’s nucleus. - atomic_mass (float): The atomic mass in unified atomic mass units (u). - density (float): The density of the element in g/cm³. - melting_point (float): The melting point of the element in Kelvin (K). - electronegativity (float): The electronegativity of the element, a measure of its ability to attract electrons. - thermal_conductivity (float): The thermal conductivity in W/(m·K). - electrical_conductivity (float): The electrical conductivity in MS/m. - atomic_radius (float): The atomic radius in picometers (pm).

class PyGamLab.Constants.P_Type

Bases: Element

Attributes: - symbol (str): The chemical symbol of the element. - atomic_number (int): The number of protons in the element’s nucleus. - atomic_mass (float): The atomic mass in unified atomic mass units (u). - density (float): The density of the element in g/cm³. - melting_point (float): The melting point of the element in Kelvin (K). - electronegativity (float): The electronegativity of the element, a measure of its ability to attract electrons. - thermal_conductivity (float): The thermal conductivity in W/(m·K). - electrical_conductivity (float): The electrical conductivity in MS/m. - atomic_radius (float): The atomic radius in picometers (pm).

class PyGamLab.Constants.Pb_Type

Bases: Element

Attributes: - symbol (str): The chemical symbol of the element. - atomic_number (int): The number of protons in the element’s nucleus. - atomic_mass (float): The atomic mass in unified atomic mass units (u). - density (float): The density of the element in g/cm³. - melting_point (float): The melting point of the element in Kelvin (K). - electronegativity (float): The electronegativity of the element, a measure of its ability to attract electrons. - thermal_conductivity (float): The thermal conductivity in W/(m·K). - electrical_conductivity (float): The electrical conductivity in MS/m. - atomic_radius (float): The atomic radius in picometers (pm).

class PyGamLab.Constants.Pd_Type

Bases: Element

Attributes: - symbol (str): The chemical symbol of the element. - atomic_number (int): The number of protons in the element’s nucleus. - atomic_mass (float): The atomic mass in unified atomic mass units (u). - density (float): The density of the element in g/cm³. - melting_point (float): The melting point of the element in Kelvin (K). - electronegativity (float): The electronegativity of the element, a measure of its ability to attract electrons. - thermal_conductivity (float): The thermal conductivity in W/(m·K). - electrical_conductivity (float): The electrical conductivity in MS/m. - atomic_radius (float): The atomic radius in picometers (pm).

class PyGamLab.Constants.Pm_Type

Bases: Element

Attributes: - symbol (str): The chemical symbol of the element. - atomic_number (int): The number of protons in the element’s nucleus. - atomic_mass (float): The atomic mass in unified atomic mass units (u). - density (float): The density of the element in g/cm³. - melting_point (float): The melting point of the element in Kelvin (K). - electronegativity (float): The electronegativity of the element, a measure of its ability to attract electrons. - thermal_conductivity (float): The thermal conductivity in W/(m·K). - electrical_conductivity (float): The electrical conductivity in MS/m. - atomic_radius (float): The atomic radius in picometers (pm).

class PyGamLab.Constants.Pr_Type

Bases: Element

Attributes: - symbol (str): The chemical symbol of the element. - atomic_number (int): The number of protons in the element’s nucleus. - atomic_mass (float): The atomic mass in unified atomic mass units (u). - density (float): The density of the element in g/cm³. - melting_point (float): The melting point of the element in Kelvin (K). - electronegativity (float): The electronegativity of the element, a measure of its ability to attract electrons. - thermal_conductivity (float): The thermal conductivity in W/(m·K). - electrical_conductivity (float): The electrical conductivity in MS/m. - atomic_radius (float): The atomic radius in picometers (pm).

class PyGamLab.Constants.Pt_Type

Bases: Element

Attributes: - symbol (str): The chemical symbol of the element. - atomic_number (int): The number of protons in the element’s nucleus. - atomic_mass (float): The atomic mass in unified atomic mass units (u). - density (float): The density of the element in g/cm³. - melting_point (float): The melting point of the element in Kelvin (K). - electronegativity (float): The electronegativity of the element, a measure of its ability to attract electrons. - thermal_conductivity (float): The thermal conductivity in W/(m·K). - electrical_conductivity (float): The electrical conductivity in MS/m. - atomic_radius (float): The atomic radius in picometers (pm).

class PyGamLab.Constants.Rb_Type

Bases: Element

Attributes: - symbol (str): The chemical symbol of the element. - atomic_number (int): The number of protons in the element’s nucleus. - atomic_mass (float): The atomic mass in unified atomic mass units (u). - density (float): The density of the element in g/cm³. - melting_point (float): The melting point of the element in Kelvin (K). - electronegativity (float): The electronegativity of the element, a measure of its ability to attract electrons. - thermal_conductivity (float): The thermal conductivity in W/(m·K). - electrical_conductivity (float): The electrical conductivity in MS/m. - atomic_radius (float): The atomic radius in picometers (pm).

class PyGamLab.Constants.Re_Type

Bases: Element

Attributes: - symbol (str): The chemical symbol of the element. - atomic_number (int): The number of protons in the element’s nucleus. - atomic_mass (float): The atomic mass in unified atomic mass units (u). - density (float): The density of the element in g/cm³. - melting_point (float): The melting point of the element in Kelvin (K). - electronegativity (float): The electronegativity of the element, a measure of its ability to attract electrons. - thermal_conductivity (float): The thermal conductivity in W/(m·K). - electrical_conductivity (float): The electrical conductivity in MS/m. - atomic_radius (float): The atomic radius in picometers (pm).

class PyGamLab.Constants.Rh_Type

Bases: Element

Attributes: - symbol (str): The chemical symbol of the element. - atomic_number (int): The number of protons in the element’s nucleus. - atomic_mass (float): The atomic mass in unified atomic mass units (u). - density (float): The density of the element in g/cm³. - melting_point (float): The melting point of the element in Kelvin (K). - electronegativity (float): The electronegativity of the element, a measure of its ability to attract electrons. - thermal_conductivity (float): The thermal conductivity in W/(m·K). - electrical_conductivity (float): The electrical conductivity in MS/m. - atomic_radius (float): The atomic radius in picometers (pm).

class PyGamLab.Constants.Ru_Type

Bases: Element

Attributes: - symbol (str): The chemical symbol of the element. - atomic_number (int): The number of protons in the element’s nucleus. - atomic_mass (float): The atomic mass in unified atomic mass units (u). - density (float): The density of the element in g/cm³. - melting_point (float): The melting point of the element in Kelvin (K). - electronegativity (float): The electronegativity of the element, a measure of its ability to attract electrons. - thermal_conductivity (float): The thermal conductivity in W/(m·K). - electrical_conductivity (float): The electrical conductivity in MS/m. - atomic_radius (float): The atomic radius in picometers (pm).

class PyGamLab.Constants.S_Type

Bases: Element

Attributes: - symbol (str): The chemical symbol of the element. - atomic_number (int): The number of protons in the element’s nucleus. - atomic_mass (float): The atomic mass in unified atomic mass units (u). - density (float): The density of the element in g/cm³. - melting_point (float): The melting point of the element in Kelvin (K). - electronegativity (float): The electronegativity of the element, a measure of its ability to attract electrons. - thermal_conductivity (float): The thermal conductivity in W/(m·K). - electrical_conductivity (float): The electrical conductivity in MS/m. - atomic_radius (float): The atomic radius in picometers (pm).

class PyGamLab.Constants.Sb_Type

Bases: Element

Attributes: - symbol (str): The chemical symbol of the element. - atomic_number (int): The number of protons in the element’s nucleus. - atomic_mass (float): The atomic mass in unified atomic mass units (u). - density (float): The density of the element in g/cm³. - melting_point (float): The melting point of the element in Kelvin (K). - electronegativity (float): The electronegativity of the element, a measure of its ability to attract electrons. - thermal_conductivity (float): The thermal conductivity in W/(m·K). - electrical_conductivity (float): The electrical conductivity in MS/m. - atomic_radius (float): The atomic radius in picometers (pm).

class PyGamLab.Constants.Sc_Type

Bases: Element

Attributes: - symbol (str): The chemical symbol of the element. - atomic_number (int): The number of protons in the element’s nucleus. - atomic_mass (float): The atomic mass in unified atomic mass units (u). - density (float): The density of the element in g/cm³. - melting_point (float): The melting point of the element in Kelvin (K). - electronegativity (float): The electronegativity of the element, a measure of its ability to attract electrons. - thermal_conductivity (float): The thermal conductivity in W/(m·K). - electrical_conductivity (float): The electrical conductivity in MS/m. - atomic_radius (float): The atomic radius in picometers (pm).

class PyGamLab.Constants.Se_Type

Bases: Element

Attributes: - symbol (str): The chemical symbol of the element. - atomic_number (int): The number of protons in the element’s nucleus. - atomic_mass (float): The atomic mass in unified atomic mass units (u). - density (float): The density of the element in g/cm³. - melting_point (float): The melting point of the element in Kelvin (K). - electronegativity (float): The electronegativity of the element, a measure of its ability to attract electrons. - thermal_conductivity (float): The thermal conductivity in W/(m·K). - electrical_conductivity (float): The electrical conductivity in MS/m. - atomic_radius (float): The atomic radius in picometers (pm).

class PyGamLab.Constants.Si_Type

Bases: Element

Attributes: - symbol (str): The chemical symbol of the element. - atomic_number (int): The number of protons in the element’s nucleus. - atomic_mass (float): The atomic mass in unified atomic mass units (u). - density (float): The density of the element in g/cm³. - melting_point (float): The melting point of the element in Kelvin (K). - electronegativity (float): The electronegativity of the element, a measure of its ability to attract electrons. - thermal_conductivity (float): The thermal conductivity in W/(m·K). - electrical_conductivity (float): The electrical conductivity in MS/m. - atomic_radius (float): The atomic radius in picometers (pm).

class PyGamLab.Constants.Sm_Type

Bases: Element

Attributes: - symbol (str): The chemical symbol of the element. - atomic_number (int): The number of protons in the element’s nucleus. - atomic_mass (float): The atomic mass in unified atomic mass units (u). - density (float): The density of the element in g/cm³. - melting_point (float): The melting point of the element in Kelvin (K). - electronegativity (float): The electronegativity of the element, a measure of its ability to attract electrons. - thermal_conductivity (float): The thermal conductivity in W/(m·K). - electrical_conductivity (float): The electrical conductivity in MS/m. - atomic_radius (float): The atomic radius in picometers (pm).

class PyGamLab.Constants.Sn_Type

Bases: Element

Attributes: - symbol (str): The chemical symbol of the element. - atomic_number (int): The number of protons in the element’s nucleus. - atomic_mass (float): The atomic mass in unified atomic mass units (u). - density (float): The density of the element in g/cm³. - melting_point (float): The melting point of the element in Kelvin (K). - electronegativity (float): The electronegativity of the element, a measure of its ability to attract electrons. - thermal_conductivity (float): The thermal conductivity in W/(m·K). - electrical_conductivity (float): The electrical conductivity in MS/m. - atomic_radius (float): The atomic radius in picometers (pm).

class PyGamLab.Constants.Sr_Type

Bases: Element

Attributes: - symbol (str): The chemical symbol of the element. - atomic_number (int): The number of protons in the element’s nucleus. - atomic_mass (float): The atomic mass in unified atomic mass units (u). - density (float): The density of the element in g/cm³. - melting_point (float): The melting point of the element in Kelvin (K). - electronegativity (float): The electronegativity of the element, a measure of its ability to attract electrons. - thermal_conductivity (float): The thermal conductivity in W/(m·K). - electrical_conductivity (float): The electrical conductivity in MS/m. - atomic_radius (float): The atomic radius in picometers (pm).

class PyGamLab.Constants.Ta_Type

Bases: Element

Attributes: - symbol (str): The chemical symbol of the element. - atomic_number (int): The number of protons in the element’s nucleus. - atomic_mass (float): The atomic mass in unified atomic mass units (u). - density (float): The density of the element in g/cm³. - melting_point (float): The melting point of the element in Kelvin (K). - electronegativity (float): The electronegativity of the element, a measure of its ability to attract electrons. - thermal_conductivity (float): The thermal conductivity in W/(m·K). - electrical_conductivity (float): The electrical conductivity in MS/m. - atomic_radius (float): The atomic radius in picometers (pm).

class PyGamLab.Constants.Tb_Type

Bases: Element

Attributes: - symbol (str): The chemical symbol of the element. - atomic_number (int): The number of protons in the element’s nucleus. - atomic_mass (float): The atomic mass in unified atomic mass units (u). - density (float): The density of the element in g/cm³. - melting_point (float): The melting point of the element in Kelvin (K). - electronegativity (float): The electronegativity of the element, a measure of its ability to attract electrons. - thermal_conductivity (float): The thermal conductivity in W/(m·K). - electrical_conductivity (float): The electrical conductivity in MS/m. - atomic_radius (float): The atomic radius in picometers (pm).

class PyGamLab.Constants.Tc_Type

Bases: Element

Attributes: - symbol (str): The chemical symbol of the element. - atomic_number (int): The number of protons in the element’s nucleus. - atomic_mass (float): The atomic mass in unified atomic mass units (u). - density (float): The density of the element in g/cm³. - melting_point (float): The melting point of the element in Kelvin (K). - electronegativity (float): The electronegativity of the element, a measure of its ability to attract electrons. - thermal_conductivity (float): The thermal conductivity in W/(m·K). - electrical_conductivity (float): The electrical conductivity in MS/m. - atomic_radius (float): The atomic radius in picometers (pm).

class PyGamLab.Constants.Ti_Type

Bases: Element

Attributes: - symbol (str): The chemical symbol of the element. - atomic_number (int): The number of protons in the element’s nucleus. - atomic_mass (float): The atomic mass in unified atomic mass units (u). - density (float): The density of the element in g/cm³. - melting_point (float): The melting point of the element in Kelvin (K). - electronegativity (float): The electronegativity of the element, a measure of its ability to attract electrons. - thermal_conductivity (float): The thermal conductivity in W/(m·K). - electrical_conductivity (float): The electrical conductivity in MS/m. - atomic_radius (float): The atomic radius in picometers (pm).

class PyGamLab.Constants.Tl_Type

Bases: Element

Attributes: - symbol (str): The chemical symbol of the element. - atomic_number (int): The number of protons in the element’s nucleus. - atomic_mass (float): The atomic mass in unified atomic mass units (u). - density (float): The density of the element in g/cm³. - melting_point (float): The melting point of the element in Kelvin (K). - electronegativity (float): The electronegativity of the element, a measure of its ability to attract electrons. - thermal_conductivity (float): The thermal conductivity in W/(m·K). - electrical_conductivity (float): The electrical conductivity in MS/m. - atomic_radius (float): The atomic radius in picometers (pm).

class PyGamLab.Constants.Tm_Type

Bases: Element

Attributes: - symbol (str): The chemical symbol of the element. - atomic_number (int): The number of protons in the element’s nucleus. - atomic_mass (float): The atomic mass in unified atomic mass units (u). - density (float): The density of the element in g/cm³. - melting_point (float): The melting point of the element in Kelvin (K). - electronegativity (float): The electronegativity of the element, a measure of its ability to attract electrons. - thermal_conductivity (float): The thermal conductivity in W/(m·K). - electrical_conductivity (float): The electrical conductivity in MS/m. - atomic_radius (float): The atomic radius in picometers (pm).

class PyGamLab.Constants.V_Type

Bases: Element

Attributes: - symbol (str): The chemical symbol of the element. - atomic_number (int): The number of protons in the element’s nucleus. - atomic_mass (float): The atomic mass in unified atomic mass units (u). - density (float): The density of the element in g/cm³. - melting_point (float): The melting point of the element in Kelvin (K). - electronegativity (float): The electronegativity of the element, a measure of its ability to attract electrons. - thermal_conductivity (float): The thermal conductivity in W/(m·K). - electrical_conductivity (float): The electrical conductivity in MS/m. - atomic_radius (float): The atomic radius in picometers (pm).

class PyGamLab.Constants.W_Type

Bases: Element

Attributes: - symbol (str): The chemical symbol of the element. - atomic_number (int): The number of protons in the element’s nucleus. - atomic_mass (float): The atomic mass in unified atomic mass units (u). - density (float): The density of the element in g/cm³. - melting_point (float): The melting point of the element in Kelvin (K). - electronegativity (float): The electronegativity of the element, a measure of its ability to attract electrons. - thermal_conductivity (float): The thermal conductivity in W/(m·K). - electrical_conductivity (float): The electrical conductivity in MS/m. - atomic_radius (float): The atomic radius in picometers (pm).

class PyGamLab.Constants.Xe_Type

Bases: Element

Attributes: - symbol (str): The chemical symbol of the element. - atomic_number (int): The number of protons in the element’s nucleus. - atomic_mass (float): The atomic mass in unified atomic mass units (u). - density (float): The density of the element in g/cm³. - melting_point (float): The melting point of the element in Kelvin (K). - electronegativity (float): The electronegativity of the element, a measure of its ability to attract electrons. - thermal_conductivity (float): The thermal conductivity in W/(m·K). - electrical_conductivity (float): The electrical conductivity in MS/m. - atomic_radius (float): The atomic radius in picometers (pm).

class PyGamLab.Constants.Y_Type

Bases: Element

Attributes: - symbol (str): The chemical symbol of the element. - atomic_number (int): The number of protons in the element’s nucleus. - atomic_mass (float): The atomic mass in unified atomic mass units (u). - density (float): The density of the element in g/cm³. - melting_point (float): The melting point of the element in Kelvin (K). - electronegativity (float): The electronegativity of the element, a measure of its ability to attract electrons. - thermal_conductivity (float): The thermal conductivity in W/(m·K). - electrical_conductivity (float): The electrical conductivity in MS/m. - atomic_radius (float): The atomic radius in picometers (pm).

class PyGamLab.Constants.Yb_Type

Bases: Element

Attributes: - symbol (str): The chemical symbol of the element. - atomic_number (int): The number of protons in the element’s nucleus. - atomic_mass (float): The atomic mass in unified atomic mass units (u). - density (float): The density of the element in g/cm³. - melting_point (float): The melting point of the element in Kelvin (K). - electronegativity (float): The electronegativity of the element, a measure of its ability to attract electrons. - thermal_conductivity (float): The thermal conductivity in W/(m·K). - electrical_conductivity (float): The electrical conductivity in MS/m. - atomic_radius (float): The atomic radius in picometers (pm).

class PyGamLab.Constants.Zn_Type

Bases: Element

Attributes: - symbol (str): The chemical symbol of the element. - atomic_number (int): The number of protons in the element’s nucleus. - atomic_mass (float): The atomic mass in unified atomic mass units (u). - density (float): The density of the element in g/cm³. - melting_point (float): The melting point of the element in Kelvin (K). - electronegativity (float): The electronegativity of the element, a measure of its ability to attract electrons. - thermal_conductivity (float): The thermal conductivity in W/(m·K). - electrical_conductivity (float): The electrical conductivity in MS/m. - atomic_radius (float): The atomic radius in picometers (pm).

class PyGamLab.Constants.Zr_Type

Bases: Element

Attributes: - symbol (str): The chemical symbol of the element. - atomic_number (int): The number of protons in the element’s nucleus. - atomic_mass (float): The atomic mass in unified atomic mass units (u). - density (float): The density of the element in g/cm³. - melting_point (float): The melting point of the element in Kelvin (K). - electronegativity (float): The electronegativity of the element, a measure of its ability to attract electrons. - thermal_conductivity (float): The thermal conductivity in W/(m·K). - electrical_conductivity (float): The electrical conductivity in MS/m. - atomic_radius (float): The atomic radius in picometers (pm).

PyGamLab.Constants.electrical_conductivity = {'Ag': 62.1, 'Al': 37.7, 'As': 0.8, 'Au': 45.2, 'B': 0.0001, 'Ba': 3.7, 'Be': 25, 'Bi': 0.77, 'Br': 1e-11, 'C': 1e-05, 'Ca': 29.8, 'Cd': 13, 'Ce': 1.4, 'Co': 17.1, 'Cr': 7.9, 'Cs': 5.5, 'Cu': 59.6, 'Dy': 1.1, 'Er': 1.1, 'Fe': 10, 'Ga': 7.1, 'Gd': 1.0, 'Ge': 2.0, 'Hf': 3.1, 'Hg': 10.4, 'Ho': 1.2, 'I': 1e-10, 'In': 11.5, 'Ir': 18.7, 'K': 14, 'La': 1.7, 'Li': 10.7, 'Lu': 2.2, 'Mg': 22.7, 'Mn': 0.62, 'Mo': 18.7, 'Na': 21, 'Nb': 6.7, 'Nd': 1.1, 'Ni': 14.3, 'Os': 10.6, 'P': 1e-09, 'Pb': 4.55, 'Pd': 9.5, 'Pt': 9.43, 'Rb': 7.9, 'Re': 5.6, 'Rh': 22.8, 'Ru': 14.1, 'S': 5e-13, 'Sb': 2.5, 'Sc': 18.4, 'Se': 1e-09, 'Si': 0.000156, 'Sm': 1.2, 'Sn': 8.7, 'Sr': 7.7, 'Ta': 7.9, 'Tb': 0.85, 'Tc': 5.8, 'Te': 0.5, 'Ti': 2.38, 'Tl': 5.8, 'Tm': 1.1, 'U': 3.57, 'V': 5, 'W': 18.2, 'Y': 7.1, 'Yb': 3.5, 'Zn': 16.6, 'Zr': 2.4}

The Element class is a Python class used to represent the properties of a chemical element. It holds attributes for various properties that define each element in terms of its atomic structure, physical properties, and electrical behavior. The class is initialized with the following parameters:

Parameters:

symbol: (str) The chemical symbol of the element (e.g., “H” for Hydrogen, “O” for Oxygen). atomic_number: (int) The atomic number of the element, which represents the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. atomic_mass: (float) The atomic mass of the element, typically given in unified atomic mass units (u). density: (float) The density of the element, given in grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm³). melting_point: (float) The temperature at which the element changes from a solid to a liquid, given in Kelvin (K). electronegativity: (float) The electronegativity of the element, which measures the ability of an atom to attract electrons towards itself when it forms a bond. thermal_conductivity: (float) The ability of the element to conduct heat, expressed in watts per meter per Kelvin (W/(m·K)). electrical_conductivity: (float) The ability of the element to conduct electricity, given in MegaSiemens per meter (MS/m). atomic_radius: (float) The average distance from the nucleus to the outermost electron shell of the atom, measured in picometers (pm). Methods:

__repr__: This method defines a string representation for the element object, which is useful when inspecting or printing the object. It provides a readable format for displaying the properties of the element.